Which substance is known to inhibit the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine?

Duloxetine is a well-known medication that inhibits the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine, functioning as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). This dual action makes it effective in treating conditions such as major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, where both neurotransmitters are implicated in mood regulation and anxiety response.

While Venlafaxine also acts as an SNRI, it primarily inhibits the reuptake of serotonin at lower doses and norepinephrine at higher doses. This characteristic does not eliminate its effectiveness for treating depression and anxiety but makes Duloxetine a more straightforward example of a substance that inhibits the reuptake of both neurotransmitters reliably across its dosing range.

Citalopram, on the other hand, is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and primarily increases serotonin levels without significant effects on norepinephrine. Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant that affects multiple neurotransmitters, but its primary action is not as clearly dual in inhibiting norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake as that of Duloxetine. Hence, Duloxetine stands out as the most suitable choice for an agent that simultaneously inhibits the reuptake of both serotonin and norepine