Which of the following medications would be classified as an anxiolytic?

Xanax (alprazolam) is classified as an anxiolytic because it belongs to a class of medications known as benzodiazepines, which are primarily used to treat anxiety disorders. Benzodiazepines work by enhancing the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABA-A receptor, leading to increased inhibitory effects in the brain. This results in a calming effect, which helps alleviate symptoms of anxiety such as excessive worry, restlessness, and tension. Xanax is specifically prescribed for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder, highlighting its relevance in managing anxiety symptoms.

In contrast, Ambien (zolpidem) is a sedative primarily used for the treatment of insomnia, and while it does have calming effects, it is not classified as an anxiolytic. Seroquel (quetiapine) is an atypical antipsychotic often used to treat conditions like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder rather than anxiety. Lithium is primarily used as a mood stabilizer in the treatment of bipolar disorder and is not associated with anxiolytic properties. Thus, Xanax stands out as the correct answer due to its specific role in anxiety treatment.