What potential serious side effect should be monitored in patients taking SSRIs?

Patients taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) should be monitored for serotonin syndrome, a potentially serious side effect that can occur due to excessive serotonergic activity in the nervous system. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by a triad of symptoms: cognitive effects (such as confusion), autonomic effects (such as hyperthermia, sweating, and increased heart rate), and somatic effects (such as tremors and muscle rigidity).

This condition can occur when SSRIs are combined with other medications that also increase serotonin levels, such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), certain pain medications, or herbal supplements like St. John’s Wort. Early identification and management of serotonin syndrome are crucial, as the condition can escalate quickly and lead to serious complications, including seizures or even death if not treated promptly.

Monitoring for serotonin syndrome is therefore essential for any patient beginning or increasing the dosage of SSRIs, especially in the presence of other medications or when the patient's medical history suggests a risk for this condition.