What is a potentially lethal reaction that can occur in less than 1% of patients treated with antipsychotics?

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a serious and potentially lethal reaction that can occur in patients treated with antipsychotic medications. It is characterized by a combination of symptoms, including severe muscle rigidity, high fever, autonomic instability, and altered mental status. This syndrome typically develops within the first two weeks of treatment, although it can occur at any time during the course of medication use.

The pathophysiology of NMS is thought to be related to dopamine receptor blockade, which is a primary effect of antipsychotic drugs. The development of NMS highlights the importance of close monitoring for adverse reactions in patients receiving antipsychotics, as timely recognition and intervention can improve outcomes significantly.

In contrast, extrapyramidal symptoms, while also associated with antipsychotics, are more common and include symptoms like tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia, but they are generally not life-threatening. Dry mouth and headaches are common side effects but are typically benign and do not pose a significant risk to patient safety. Thus, the indication that neuroleptic malignant syndrome occurs in less than 1% of patients underscores its rarity compared to other side effects, yet its severity makes it a key concern in psychoph