What class of medications is primarily used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Stimulants are the primary class of medications used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These medications, which include dexamphetamine and methylphenidate, have been extensively researched and are considered the first-line treatment for ADHD due to their effectiveness in increasing attention, focus, and controlling hyperactive and impulsive behaviors in both children and adults.

Stimulants act on neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly dopamine and norepinephrine, enhancing their levels and activity. This modulation helps improve concentration and reduces impulsivity, making it easier for individuals with ADHD to engage in tasks that require sustained attention.

Other medication classes, such as atypical antipsychotics, SSRIs, and tricyclic antidepressants, are generally not used as first-line treatments for ADHD and are more commonly prescribed for conditions like schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety disorders, respectively. This specificity in the pharmacological approach underscores the importance of stimulants in effectively addressing the core symptoms of ADHD.