Second generation antipsychotics were initially believed to be more effective than first generation at reducing which type of symptoms?

Second generation antipsychotics, also known as atypical antipsychotics, were initially thought to be more effective than first generation antipsychotics at reducing negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Negative symptoms encompass a range of impairments that affect emotional expression, motivation, and social engagement, including lack of motivation, flat affect, and social withdrawal.

The rationale behind this belief is that second generation antipsychotics have a different pharmacological profile that not only targets dopamine receptors but also affects serotonin receptors, which is thought to play a significant role in alleviating negative symptoms. In contrast, first generation antipsychotics primarily target dopamine receptors and are more effective at addressing positive symptoms, such as delusions and hallucinations, rather than the broader spectrum of symptoms associated with schizophrenia.

Research over time has shown that while second generation antipsychotics may provide some benefits in managing negative symptoms, the distinction in effectiveness compared to first generation medications can vary depending on individual patient characteristics and the specific medication used. Nonetheless, the prevailing view is that second generation antipsychotics have more potential for improving the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.