In the context of stimulant withdrawal, which of the following is a psychological symptom?

In the context of stimulant withdrawal, paranoia is recognized as a psychological symptom that can arise during the withdrawal process. Stimulants, such as cocaine and amphetamines, are known to significantly impact neurotransmitter systems related to mood and perception, particularly dopamine. As these substances are discontinued, individuals may experience an array of psychological symptoms, including mood disturbances, irritability, and paranoia.

Paranoia entails intense feelings of suspicion or mistrust, which can manifest as delusions or irrational fears about others' intentions. This symptom is particularly relevant as the brain's chemistry adjusts back to a pre-stimulant state, leading to heightened anxiety and altered perceptions.

In contrast, while weight gain, insomnia, and decreased energy can also occur during stimulant withdrawal, they are more commonly associated with physiological changes or behavioral responses rather than strictly psychological manifestations. Weight gain typically relates to changes in appetite and metabolism, insomnia pertains to difficulties with sleep which can be influenced by various factors, and decreased energy often reflects a physical fatigue or lack of motivation rather than a distinct psychological disturbance. Therefore, paranoia stands out as a clear psychological symptom associated with stimulant withdrawal.